Question 51 · 203 in bank
Which of the following is NOT a basic component of security architecture?
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Answer: A
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Which of the following is NOT a basic component of security architecture?
Answer: A
In the Bell-LaPadula model, the Star-property is also called:
Answer: B
The Bell-LaPadula model focuses on data confidentiality and access to classified information, in contrast to the Biba Integrity Model which describes rules for the protection of data integrity. In this formal model, the entities in an information system are divided into subjects and objects. The notion of a "secure state" is defined, and it is proven that each state transition preserves security by moving from secure state to secure state, thereby proving that the system satisfies the security objectives of the model. The Bell-LaPadula model is built on the concept of a state machine with a set of allowable states in a system. The transition from one state to another state is defined by transition functions. A system state is defined to be "secure" if the only permitted access modes of subjects to objects are in accordance with a security policy. To determine whether a specific access mode is allowed, the clearance of a subject is compared to the classification of the object (more precisely, to the combination of classification and set of compartments, making up the security level) to determine if the subject is authorized for the specific access mode. The clearance/classification scheme is expressed in terms of a lattice. The model defines two mandatory access control (MAC) rules and one discretionary access control (DAC) rule with three security properties: The Simple Security Property - a subject at a given security level may not read an object at a higher security level (no read-up). The property (read "star"-property) - a subject at a given security level must not write to any object at a lower security level (no write-down). The property is also known as the Confinement property. The Discretionary Security Property - use an access control matrix to specify the discretionary access control. The transfer of information from a high-sensitivity document to a lower-sensitivity document may happen in the Bell-LaPadula model via the concept of trusted subjects. Trusted Subjects are not restricted by the property. Untrusted subjects are. Trusted Subjects must be shown to be trustworthy with regard to the security policy. This security model is directed toward access control and is characterized by the phrase: "no read up, no write down." Compare the Biba model, the Clark-Wilson model and the Chinese Wall. With Bell-LaPadula, users can create content only at or above their own security level (i.e. secret researchers can create secret or top-secret files but may not create public files; no write-down). Conversely, users can view content only at or below their own security level (i.e. secret researchers can view public or secret files, but may not view top-secret files; no read-up). Strong Property - The Strong Property is an alternative to the Property in which subjects may write to objects with only a matching security level. Thus, the write-up operation permitted in the usual Property is not present, only a write-to-same level operation. The Strong Property is usually discussed in the context of multilevel database management systems and is motivated by integrity concerns. Tranquility principle - The tranquility principle of the Bell-LaPadula model states that the classification of a subject or object does not change while it is being referenced. There are two forms to the tranquility principle: the "principle of strong tranquility" states that security levels do not change during the normal operation of the system and the "principle of weak tranquility" states that security levels do not change in a way that violates the rules of a given security policy. Another interpretation of the tranquility principles is that they both apply only to the period of time during which an operation involving an object or subject is occurring. That is, the strong tranquility principle means that an object's security level/label will not change during an operation (such as read or write); the weak tranquility principle means that an object's security level/label may change in a way that does not violate the security policy during an operation. Reference(s) used for this question: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biba_Model http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_control http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discretionary_access_control http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark-Wilson_model http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewer_and_Nash_model
Source: Adapted from community discussion — SteroidalRED
Which of the following is unlike the other three choices presented?
Answer: A
The number of violations that will be accepted or forgiven before a violation record is produced is called which of the following?
Answer: A
The correct answer is "clipping level". This is the point at which a system decides to take some sort of action when an action repeats a preset number of times. That action may be to log the activity, lock a user account, temporarily close a port, etc. Example: The most classic example of a clipping level is failed login attempts. If you have a system configured to lock a user's account after three failed login attemts, that is the "clipping level". The other answers are not correct because: Acceptance level, forgiveness level, and logging level are nonsensical terms that do not exist (to my knowledge) within network security. Reference: Official ISC2 Guide - The term "clipping level" is not in the glossary or index of that book. I cannot find it in the text either. However, I'm quite certain that it would be considered part of the CBK, despite its exclusion from the Official Guide. All in One Third Edition page: 136 - 137
What is one disadvantage of content-dependent protection of information?
Answer: A
Source: TIPTON, Hal, (ISC)2, Introduction to the CISSP Exam presentation.
Which of the following is most appropriate to notify an internal user that session monitoring is being conducted?
Answer: D
Examples of types of physical access controls include all EXCEPT which of the following?
Answer: D
Passwords are considered a Preventive/Technical (logical) control. The following answers are incorrect: badges Badges are a physical control used to identify an individual. A badge can include a smart device which can be used for authentication and thus a Technical control, but the actual badge itself is primarily a physical control. locks Locks are a Preventative Physical control and has no Technical association. guards Guards are a Preventative Physical control and has no Technical association. The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question: Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 2: Access control systems (page 35).
Guards are appropriate whenever the function required by the security program involves which of the following?
Answer: A
To "perceive or constitute the difference in or between", in the truest sense or dictionary definition of the word. Not the social connotations of it. Human guards are able to adapt on the fly to notice differences in the environment that software may miss, as software has predefined conditions to monitor for and usually cannot adapt quickly. Machine learning may change this some day, but yeah - the example given below is an excellent summary.
Source: Adapted from community discussion — Caoilfhion
What are the components of an object's sensitivity label?
Answer: D
Both are the components of a sensitivity label. The following are incorrect: A Classification Set and a single Compartment. Is incorrect because the nomenclature "Classification Set" is incorrect, there only one classifcation and it is not a "single compartment" but a Compartment Set. A single classification and a single compartment. Is incorrect because while there only is one classifcation, it is not a "single compartment" but a Compartment Set. A Classification Set and user credentials. Is incorrect because the nomenclature "Classification Set" is incorrect, there only one classifcation and it is not "user credential" but a Compartment Set. The user would have their own sensitivity label.
Which of the following is the most reliable authentication method for remote access?
Answer: B
A Synchronous token generates a one-time password that is only valid for a short period of time. Once the password is used it is no longer valid, and it expires if not entered in the acceptable time frame. The following answers are incorrect: Variable callback system. Although variable callback systems are more flexible than fixed callback systems, the system assumes the identity of the individual unless two-factor authentication is also implemented. By itself, this method might allow an attacker access as a trusted user. Fixed callback system. Authentication provides assurance that someone or something is who or what he/it is supposed to be. Callback systems authenticate a person, but anyone can pretend to be that person. They are tied to a specific place and phone number, which can be spoofed by implementing call-forwarding. Combination of callback and Caller ID. The caller ID and callback functionality provides greater confidence and auditability of the caller's identity. By disconnecting and calling back only authorized phone numbers, the system has a greater confidence in the location of the call. However, unless combined with strong authentication, any individual at the location could obtain access. The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question: Shon Harris AIO v3 p. 140, 548 - ISC2 OIG 2007 p. 152-153, 126-127
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