Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer practice questions

1. Question 1 of 25

   As part of a major data discovery initiative to identify personal data across the organization, the project team has identified the proliferation of personal data held as unstructured data as a major risk. What should be done FIRST to address this situation?

   • AIdentify sensitive unstructured data at the point of creation.
   • BClassify sensitive unstructured data.
   • CIdentify who has access to sensitive unstructured data.
   • DAssign an owner to sensitive unstructured data.

   Show answer

   Correct answer: C

   How others answered

   • C100%

   Explanation

   B appear more correct, the data has been identified already. Addressing the proliferation of personal data held as unstructured data begins with understanding what data you have and how sensitive it is. Classifying sensitive unstructured data is the first step in this process. Once data is classified, it becomes easier to determine how it should be handled, who should have access to it, and what protective measures should be in place. Classification provides a foundation upon which other actions, such as identifying who has access, assigning ownership, and identifying data at the point of creation, can be based.

   Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2023-11-02 · 3 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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   Question 1 discussion

   These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

   1. A

      Ahbey_911

      2023-11-02

      3 upvotes

      B appear more correct, the data has been identified already. Addressing the proliferation of personal data held as unstructured data begins with understanding what data you have and how sensitive it is. Classifying sensitive unstructured data is the first step in this process. Once data is classified, it becomes easier to determine how it should be handled, who should have access to it, and what protective measures should be in place. Classification provides a foundation upon which other actions, such as identifying who has access, assigning ownership, and identifying data at the point of creation, can be based.

   2. A

      ARaghunanan

      2024-03-21

      Selected C2 upvotes

      Determining who has access to this data will allow a PIA to be completed and the justification of a major risk will be determined.

   3. 4

      4dfe785

      2024-09-11

      Selected C1 upvote

      You can’t classify or apply controls effectively without understanding the scope of access.

   4. K

      kwassie

      2023-11-04

      1 upvote

      I think its A. They have not identified the data yet. The question says they identified the increase of data as a risk, and to address that you must first be able to tag it at creation.

2. Question 2 of 25

   Which of the following should be done FIRST to establish privacy by design when developing a contact-tracing application?

   • AConduct a privacy impact assessment (PIA).
   • BConduct a development environment review.
   • CIdentify privacy controls for the application.
   • DIdentify differential privacy techniques.

   Show answer

   Correct answer: A

   How others answered

   • A100%

   Explanation

   A - PIA is the correct answer. Privacy by Design (PbD) is an approach to privacy that involves integrating privacy principles and considerations into every phase of the development and operational processes. To establish privacy by design when developing an application, the first step is to conduct a privacy impact assessment (PIA). A PIA helps to identify potential privacy risks and issues early in the development process, ensuring that they are addressed before the application is rolled out. This proactive approach helps in embedding privacy considerations from the outset, rather than trying to retrofit them later.

   Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2023-11-02 · 5 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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   Question 2 discussion

   These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

   1. A

      Ahbey_911

      2023-11-02

      5 upvotes

      A - PIA is the correct answer. Privacy by Design (PbD) is an approach to privacy that involves integrating privacy principles and considerations into every phase of the development and operational processes. To establish privacy by design when developing an application, the first step is to conduct a privacy impact assessment (PIA). A PIA helps to identify potential privacy risks and issues early in the development process, ensuring that they are addressed before the application is rolled out. This proactive approach helps in embedding privacy considerations from the outset, rather than trying to retrofit them later.

   2. 4

      4dfe785

      2024-09-11

      Selected A1 upvote

      A PIA helps identify potential privacy risks and impacts at the earliest stages of the project, before any design or development work begins

3. Question 3 of 25

   When evaluating cloud-based services for backup, which of the following is MOST important to consider from a privacy regulation standpoint?

   • AData classification labeling
   • BData residing in another country
   • CVolume of data stored
   • DPrivacy training for backup users

   Show answer

   Correct answer: B

   How others answered

   • B100%

   Explanation

   B. Data residing in another country: This is a critical factor from a privacy regulation standpoint. When data is stored in another country, it may be subject to different laws and regulations. Organizations must ensure compliance with privacy requirements across borders.

   Adapted from community discussion by kingsleyaws · 2024-09-20 · 2 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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   Question 3 discussion

   These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

   1. K

      kingsleyaws

      2024-09-20

      2 upvotes

      B. Data residing in another country: This is a critical factor from a privacy regulation standpoint. When data is stored in another country, it may be subject to different laws and regulations. Organizations must ensure compliance with privacy requirements across borders.

   2. K

      kwassie

      2024-02-13

      2 upvotes

      Why not B? From a cloud perspective and privacy, the location of data should be more concerning that the classification.

4. Question 4 of 25

   Which of the following is the MOST important privacy consideration for video surveillance in high security areas?

   • AVideo surveillance recordings may only be viewed by the organization.
   • BThere is no limitation for retention of this data.
   • CVideo surveillance data must be stored in encrypted format.
   • DThose affected must be informed of the video surveillance.

   Show answer

   Correct answer: D

   How others answered

   • D100%

   Explanation

   C is wrong. Those affected must be informed of the video surveillance. Informed consent. There is no requirement for encryption.

   Adapted from community discussion by johnH123 · 2023-12-31 · 2 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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   Question 4 discussion

   These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

   1. J

      johnH123

      2023-12-31

      Selected D2 upvotes

      C is wrong. Those affected must be informed of the video surveillance. Informed consent. There is no requirement for encryption.

   2. 4

      4dfe785

      2024-09-11

      Selected D1 upvote

      Providing notice to individuals about the presence of video surveillance ensures transparency and respects their right to privacy. It is a core principle in most privacy frameworks, which emphasize the importance of informing individuals about data collection and monitoring practices.

5. Question 5 of 25

   Which of the following system architectures BEST supports anonymity for data transmission?

   • AClient-server
   • BPlug-in-based
   • CFront-end
   • DPeer-to-peer

   Show answer

   Correct answer: D

   How others answered

   • D100%

   Explanation

   In a peer-to-peer network, data is transmitted directly between users (peers) without relying on a central server. This architecture supports anonymity by distributing data and communication across multiple nodes, making it more difficult to trace the origin or destination of the data. Each node can act as both a client and a server, which helps to obscure the identities of the participants in the network.

   Adapted from community discussion by 4dfe785 · 2024-08-08 · 2 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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   Question 5 discussion

   These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

   1. 4

      4dfe785

      2024-08-08

      Selected D2 upvotes

      In a peer-to-peer network, data is transmitted directly between users (peers) without relying on a central server. This architecture supports anonymity by distributing data and communication across multiple nodes, making it more difficult to trace the origin or destination of the data. Each node can act as both a client and a server, which helps to obscure the identities of the participants in the network.

   2. D

      Danford25

      2024-02-11

      2 upvotes

      D: Peer-to-peer . In a peer-to-peer network, data is transferred directly between systems without the need for a central server, which can help maintain anonymity. However, it’s important to note that additional measures such as encryption and secure protocols are often needed to enhance privacy and security in any system architecture.

6. Question 6 of 25

   An organization decides to outsource its customer personal data analytics to a third party to understand spending habits. Which of the following is the MOST important contractual consideration?

   • APlatform architecture used to process the data
   • BTerms for continuous monitoring of the vendor
   • CClearly defined data responsibilities of all parties
   • DThe vendor's vulnerability management program

   Show answer

   Correct answer: C

   How others answered

   • C100%

   Explanation

   The mention of "contractual consideration" indicates an administrative control, which would be clearly defined data responsibilities. "Continuous monitoring" is a technical control.

   Adapted from community discussion by johnH123 · 2024-06-30 · 3 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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   Question 6 discussion

   These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

   1. J

      johnH123

      2024-06-30

      Selected C3 upvotes

      The mention of "contractual consideration" indicates an administrative control, which would be clearly defined data responsibilities. "Continuous monitoring" is a technical control.

   2. A

      Ahbey_911

      2024-04-17

      1 upvote

      B is a better answer. Terms of continuous monitoring should align with data subject consent.

7. Question 7 of 25

   Which of the following is the BEST way to address threats to mobile device privacy when using beacons as a tracking technology?

   • ADisable location services.
   • BEnable Trojan scanners.
   • CEnable antivirus for mobile devices.
   • DDisable Bluetooth services.

   Show answer

   Correct answer: D

   How others answered

   • D100%

   Explanation

   D. Disable Bluetooth services. Explanation: Beacons, especially in the context of tracking technology, primarily use Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to communicate and interact with mobile devices. Disabling Bluetooth services would prevent the beacons from being able to detect and communicate with the mobile device, thus addressing the privacy threats associated with this tracking technology.

   Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2023-10-18 · 3 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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   Question 7 discussion

   These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

   1. A

      Ahbey_911

      2023-10-18

      3 upvotes

      D. Disable Bluetooth services. Explanation: Beacons, especially in the context of tracking technology, primarily use Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to communicate and interact with mobile devices. Disabling Bluetooth services would prevent the beacons from being able to detect and communicate with the mobile device, thus addressing the privacy threats associated with this tracking technology.

   2. 4

      4dfe785

      2024-09-11

      Selected D1 upvote

      Beacons primarily use Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to communicate with mobile devices.

8. Question 8 of 25

   Which of the following is the BEST indication of a highly effective privacy training program?

   • AMembers of the workforce understand their roles in protecting data privacy.
   • BHR has made privacy training an annual mandate for the organization.
   • CRecent audits have no findings or recommendations related to data privacy.
   • DNo privacy incidents have been reported in the last year.

   Show answer

   Correct answer: A

   How others answered

   • A100%

   Explanation

   I think A is correct. A. Members of the workforce understand their roles in protecting data privacy. Annual training doesn't imply training effectiveness.

   Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2023-10-17 · 3 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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   Question 8 discussion

   These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

   1. A

      Ahbey_911

      2023-10-17

      3 upvotes

      I think A is correct. A. Members of the workforce understand their roles in protecting data privacy. Annual training doesn't imply training effectiveness.

   2. J

      johnH123

      2023-12-31

      Selected A2 upvotes

      A is correct. A privacy training mandate is not a metric of the effectiveness of the program.

9. Question 9 of 25

   Which of the following is the BEST way to convert personal information to non-personal information?

   • AEncryption
   • BPseudonymization
   • CHashing
   • DAnonymization

   Show answer

   Correct answer: B

   How others answered

   • B50%
   • D50%

   Only 50% agreed on this answer — treat it as contested rather than settled.

   Explanation

   Yes Anonymization is correct. Explanation: Anonymization refers to the process of permanently removing all personally identifiable information where identification of the individual is not possible. Once data is anonymized, it cannot be reversed or linked back to an individual, making it non-personal information. This makes anonymization the BEST method for converting personal information to non-personal information.

   Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2023-10-18 · 2 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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   Question 9 discussion

   These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

   1. A

      Ahbey_911

      2023-10-18

      2 upvotes

      Yes Anonymization is correct. Explanation: Anonymization refers to the process of permanently removing all personally identifiable information where identification of the individual is not possible. Once data is anonymized, it cannot be reversed or linked back to an individual, making it non-personal information. This makes anonymization the BEST method for converting personal information to non-personal information.

   2. J

      johnH123

      2023-12-30

      Selected B1 upvote

      I think the intended answer is Pseudonymization, but the question is not worded as well as it should be.

   3. M

      mmus

      2024-03-24

      1 upvote

      Correct answer D https://www.privacycompany.eu/blogpost-en/what-are-the-differences-between-anonymisation-and-pseudonymisation

10. Question 10 of 25

    What is the BEST method for protecting data transmissions to devices in the field?

    • AMulti-factor authentication
    • BTransport Layer Security (TLS)
    • CApplication level authentication
    • DHypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

    Show answer

    Correct answer: B

    How others answered

    • B100%

    Explanation

    B. Transport Layer Security (TLS) Explanation: Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide secure communication over a computer network, like the internet. When the goal is to protect data transmissions, especially to devices in the field, TLS is the most suitable method. It ensures that data transmitted between two systems—such as a web server and a client device—is encrypted and secure from eavesdropping and tampering. Note: HTTPS (Option D) is essentially HTTP over TLS. While HTTPS is commonly mentioned in the context of web browsers and secure web communication, TLS is the underlying protocol that provides the security, making it the best choice when considering general data transmissions and not just web-based communications.

    Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2023-10-18 · 3 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Question 10 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. A

       Ahbey_911

       2023-10-18

       3 upvotes

       B. Transport Layer Security (TLS) Explanation: Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide secure communication over a computer network, like the internet. When the goal is to protect data transmissions, especially to devices in the field, TLS is the most suitable method. It ensures that data transmitted between two systems—such as a web server and a client device—is encrypted and secure from eavesdropping and tampering. Note: HTTPS (Option D) is essentially HTTP over TLS. While HTTPS is commonly mentioned in the context of web browsers and secure web communication, TLS is the underlying protocol that provides the security, making it the best choice when considering general data transmissions and not just web-based communications.

    2. J

       johnH123

       2023-12-30

       Selected B2 upvotes

       TLS is definitely the right answer. HTTPS is only one specific protocol but it uses TLS.

11. Question 11 of 25

    Which of the following is the BEST control to detect potential internal breaches of personal data?

    • AData loss prevention (DLP) systems
    • BClassification of data
    • CEmployee background checks
    • DUser behavior analytics tools

    Show answer

    Correct answer: D

    How others answered

    • D100%

    Explanation

    The keywords in the question are "potential" and "internal," so user behavior analytics would be a precursor to an actual breach that DLP would catch through exfiltration.

    Adapted from community discussion by johnH123 · 2024-06-30 · 2 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Question 11 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. J

       johnH123

       2024-06-30

       Selected D2 upvotes

       The keywords in the question are "potential" and "internal," so user behavior analytics would be a precursor to an actual breach that DLP would catch through exfiltration.

    2. A

       Ahbey_911

       2024-04-18

       2 upvotes

       Well, DLP monitor the actions related to data at rest, in use, and in transit to prevent unauthorized exposure. They can detect when sensitive data is being transferred, copied, or sent, which makes them especially relevant for detecting data breaches. I will pick "A" as the correct answer.

    3. A

       Ahbey_911

       2024-04-17

       1 upvote

       UBA only gathers info. on user behavior including opening application, accessing files, engaging in network activities. These are all after the facts, they're not preventive controls. A is the correct answer.

    4. A

       Ahbey_911

       2024-04-17

       1 upvote

       Upon rereading the question, it's actually asking for detective control, so UBA is correct. I apologize.

12. Question 12 of 25

    Which of the following is the GREATEST privacy concern for an organization implementing endpoint detection response (EDR) tools on employee laptops?

    • ALack of an acknowledged user acceptance policy
    • BUnclear monitoring scope
    • CPoor controls on privileged access to EDR tools
    • DLack of up-to-date EDR capability on employee laptops

    Show answer

    Correct answer: C

    How others answered

    • C75%
    • A25%

    Explanation

    B: Unclear monitoring scope Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools are designed to monitor, detect, and respond to security threats on endpoint devices. When these tools are implemented on employee laptops, they often have the capability to capture a vast amount of detailed data about user activities, system interactions, and more. The privacy concern arises when the monitoring scope of the EDR tool is unclear. Overreach and consent issues are some of the associated privacy risks.

    Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2024-04-30 · 3 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Question 12 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. A

       Ahbey_911

       2024-04-30

       3 upvotes

       B: Unclear monitoring scope Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools are designed to monitor, detect, and respond to security threats on endpoint devices. When these tools are implemented on employee laptops, they often have the capability to capture a vast amount of detailed data about user activities, system interactions, and more. The privacy concern arises when the monitoring scope of the EDR tool is unclear. Overreach and consent issues are some of the associated privacy risks.

    2. A

       ARaghunanan

       2024-09-06

       Selected C2 upvotes

       If there are poor controls to privilege access to the edr tools then the potential for unauthorised access to these tools exist and this can be a potential privacy issue.

    3. M

       munashe

       2024-11-22

       1 upvote

       Answer D. EDR is like a antivirus, what mater is is it up-to-date.

13. Question 13 of 25

    Which of the following is the BEST method of data sanitization when there is a need to balance the destruction of data and the ability to recycle IT assets?

    • AFactory reset
    • BDegaussing
    • CCryptographic erasure
    • DData deletion

    Show answer

    Correct answer: C

    How others answered

    • C100%

    Explanation

    C: Cryptographic Erasure Cryptographic erasure involves encrypting data and then securely deleting the encryption key, rendering the data inaccessible and effectively unreadable. This method allows IT assets, such as hard drives or storage devices, to be reused or recycled since the physical medium is not destroyed. It's a balance between ensuring the data cannot be recovered and maintaining the integrity of the IT asset for potential reuse. Other methods like degaussing or factory reset might not ensure complete data sanitization, and simple data deletion does not prevent data from being recovered with specialized tools.

    Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2023-10-31 · 2 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Question 13 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. A

       Ahbey_911

       2023-10-31

       2 upvotes

       C: Cryptographic Erasure Cryptographic erasure involves encrypting data and then securely deleting the encryption key, rendering the data inaccessible and effectively unreadable. This method allows IT assets, such as hard drives or storage devices, to be reused or recycled since the physical medium is not destroyed. It's a balance between ensuring the data cannot be recovered and maintaining the integrity of the IT asset for potential reuse. Other methods like degaussing or factory reset might not ensure complete data sanitization, and simple data deletion does not prevent data from being recovered with specialized tools.

    2. J

       johnH123

       2023-12-30

       Selected C1 upvote

       Crypto erasure applies to any respective media. Degaussing is ineffective on SSD and, therefore, is a less correct answer.

    3. K

       kwassie

       2023-11-05

       1 upvote

       I also agree with C. At first, I thought degaussing as its really destructive, but as per the article this does not work on all types of media. Therefor C is the better answer. https://www.bitraser.com/article/data-erasure-vs-degaussing.php#Data%20Erasure%20vs%20Degaussing%20%E2%80%93%20Quick%20Comparison

    4. 8

       821bbab

       2024-10-10

       1 upvote

       I would go with B as best approach. The question is referring to the best method not the fastest besides there might be residual personal data that are not encrypted and crypt shredding might not help.

14. Question 14 of 25

    Which of the following BEST facilitates a privacy impact assessment (PIA)?

    • ACreating an information flow and repository to identify personal data being collected
    • BProviding privacy and awareness training for project managers and system owners
    • CComparing current privacy policies and procedures to industry benchmarks
    • DIdentifying key systems used for processing and storing personal data

    Show answer

    Correct answer: A

    How others answered

    • A100%

    Explanation

    A. Creating an information flow and repository to identify personal data being collected A Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) is a systematic assessment of a project, system, or process to identify and mitigate privacy risks associated with the collection, use, and storage of personal data. To best facilitate a PIA, it's essential to understand the flow of personal data throughout the system or process being assessed. Creating an information flow and repository provides a clear visual representation of where personal data enters, traverses, and exits the system, and where it is stored. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of potential privacy risks and facilitates the assessment process.

    Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2023-10-31 · 2 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Question 14 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. A

       Ahbey_911

       2023-10-31

       2 upvotes

       A. Creating an information flow and repository to identify personal data being collected A Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) is a systematic assessment of a project, system, or process to identify and mitigate privacy risks associated with the collection, use, and storage of personal data. To best facilitate a PIA, it's essential to understand the flow of personal data throughout the system or process being assessed. Creating an information flow and repository provides a clear visual representation of where personal data enters, traverses, and exits the system, and where it is stored. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of potential privacy risks and facilitates the assessment process.

    2. J

       johnH123

       2023-12-30

       Selected A2 upvotes

       Creating an information flow and repository to identify personal data being collected

15. Question 15 of 25

    Which of the following should be the PRIMARY consideration when evaluating transaction-based cloud solutions?

    • AService level agreements (SLAs)
    • BJoint data protection responsibilities
    • CData protection capabilities
    • DElasticity of the service offerings

    Show answer

    Correct answer: C

    How others answered

    • C100%

    Explanation

    C. Data protection capabilities While all the options are important considerations for cloud solutions, when evaluating transaction-based solutions, the primary focus should be on data protection capabilities. Transaction-based solutions typically involve the processing, storage, and transmission of data, and ensuring that this data remains confidential, integral, and available is paramount. Data protection capabilities encompass encryption, access controls, monitoring, and other security measures that ensure data safety in the cloud.

    Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2024-04-30 · 5 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Question 15 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. A

       Ahbey_911

       2024-04-30

       5 upvotes

       C. Data protection capabilities While all the options are important considerations for cloud solutions, when evaluating transaction-based solutions, the primary focus should be on data protection capabilities. Transaction-based solutions typically involve the processing, storage, and transmission of data, and ensuring that this data remains confidential, integral, and available is paramount. Data protection capabilities encompass encryption, access controls, monitoring, and other security measures that ensure data safety in the cloud.

    2. K

       kwassie

       2024-05-05

       2 upvotes

       I agree with you in some ways. Data protection is key. However, in a cloud environment you must clearly define and understand your roles, and the role of the cloud provider. That should be the primary. Once you clearly define the roles each party plays, then each can use the data protection controls you outlined to collectively protect the data.

16. Question 16 of 25

    Which of the following needs to be identified FIRST to define the privacy requirements to use when assessing the selection of IT systems?

    • AType of data being processed
    • BApplicable control frameworks
    • CApplicable privacy legislation
    • DAvailable technology platforms

    Show answer

    Correct answer: C

    How others answered

    • C100%

    Explanation

    C. Applicable privacy legislation Before assessing the selection of IT systems based on privacy requirements, it's crucial to identify the applicable privacy legislation. Different jurisdictions have different privacy laws and regulations, and these laws define the requirements for the protection and handling of personal data. By first understanding these legal requirements, organizations can then determine the specific privacy features and controls that the IT systems need to have in place.

    Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2024-04-30 · 3 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Question 16 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. A

       Ahbey_911

       2024-04-30

       3 upvotes

       C. Applicable privacy legislation Before assessing the selection of IT systems based on privacy requirements, it's crucial to identify the applicable privacy legislation. Different jurisdictions have different privacy laws and regulations, and these laws define the requirements for the protection and handling of personal data. By first understanding these legal requirements, organizations can then determine the specific privacy features and controls that the IT systems need to have in place.

    2. J

       johnH123

       2024-06-30

       Selected C2 upvotes

       Applicable privacy legislation. Regulatory non-compliance is a show-stopper.

17. Question 17 of 25

    Which of the following is defined and implemented to ensure organizational data privacy protection arrangements are maintained and enforced regardless of jurisdiction?

    • ARules for data subject requests
    • BBinding corporate rules
    • CPrivacy notice and consent rules
    • DRules for managing complaints

    Show answer

    Correct answer: C

    How others answered

    • C67%
    • B33%

    Only 67% agreed on this answer — treat it as contested rather than settled.

    Explanation

    B. Binding corporate rules Binding corporate rules (BCRs) are internal rules adopted by multinational companies to ensure that their global intercompany transfers of personal data comply with EU data protection laws. They set out the company's approach to data protection and privacy, its commitments in this regard, and the rights of individuals whose personal data is transferred. Once approved by EU data protection authorities, BCRs provide a legal basis for intra-group international data transfers. In essence, BCRs ensure that all members of the global corporate group adhere to the same data protection standards, regardless of where they are located.

    Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2023-10-31 · 4 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Candidate context

    Question 17 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. A

       Ahbey_911

       2023-10-31

       4 upvotes

       B. Binding corporate rules Binding corporate rules (BCRs) are internal rules adopted by multinational companies to ensure that their global intercompany transfers of personal data comply with EU data protection laws. They set out the company's approach to data protection and privacy, its commitments in this regard, and the rights of individuals whose personal data is transferred. Once approved by EU data protection authorities, BCRs provide a legal basis for intra-group international data transfers. In essence, BCRs ensure that all members of the global corporate group adhere to the same data protection standards, regardless of where they are located.

    2. 4

       4dfe785

       2024-09-12

       Selected C1 upvote

       Privacy notices and consent rules form the foundation of data privacy practices across virtually all jurisdictions. They are a common requirement in most data protection laws worldwide.

18. Question 18 of 25

    Which of the following BEST facilitates an organization’s ability to achieve data privacy-related goals?

    • AImplementing a data quality governance process
    • BImplementing a detailed system of records process
    • CDeveloping a clear data forensics process
    • DDesigning a robust data loss prevention (DLP) process

    Show answer

    Correct answer: D

    How others answered

    • D50%
    • A50%

    Only 50% agreed on this answer — treat it as contested rather than settled.

    Explanation

    Answer is A. Data quality governance ensures that the personal data an organization collects, processes, and stores is accurate, consistent, and reliable.

    Adapted from community discussion by 821bbab · 2024-10-13 · 2 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

    View community discussion3

    Candidate context

    Question 18 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. M

       munashe

       2024-05-21

       3 upvotes

       I wonder why people are saying D, governance facilitates everything. Answer A.,

    2. 8

       821bbab

       2024-10-13

       2 upvotes

       Answer is A. Data quality governance ensures that the personal data an organization collects, processes, and stores is accurate, consistent, and reliable.

    3. A

       ARaghunanan

       2024-03-10

       Selected D1 upvote

       A DLP is a definitive control for ensuring data privacy. Data Quality governance has to deal with the accuracy and integrity of the data.

19. Question 19 of 25

    Which of the following is the MOST effective way to support organizational privacy awareness objectives?

    • AFunding in-depth training and awareness education for data privacy staff
    • BImplementing an annual training certification process
    • CIncluding mandatory awareness training as part of performance evaluations
    • DCustomizing awareness training by business unit function

    Show answer

    Correct answer: D

    How others answered

    • D100%

    Explanation

    The answer should be D. A only focus on the privacy team while the question asks at organizational level. Customizing the training for each business unit so that they can understand their part and how privacy issues relate to their department is the best way.

    Adapted from community discussion by kwassie · 2023-10-31 · 4 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Question 19 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. K

       kwassie

       2023-10-31

       4 upvotes

       The answer should be D. A only focus on the privacy team while the question asks at organizational level. Customizing the training for each business unit so that they can understand their part and how privacy issues relate to their department is the best way.

    2. 8

       821bbab

       2024-10-13

       1 upvote

       Answer is C. Including mandatory awareness training as part of performance evaluations ensures that all employees recognize the importance of privacy and are held accountable for their knowledge and actions regarding data privacy. This integration into performance evaluations encourages active participation and fosters a culture of privacy awareness throughout the organization.

    3. M

       micro_cert

       2025-01-16

       Selected D1 upvote

       for example, the legal team may require training on regulatory compliance, while the IT team may need guidance on secure data handling

20. Question 20 of 25

    Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason to allow data transfer between regions?

    • AData subjects give implicit consent for a contract or claim.
    • BThere is a legal basis of public interest.
    • CData transfer concerns a limited number of data subjects.
    • DThere are legitimate interests that override data subject rights.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: B

    How others answered

    • B100%

    Explanation

    Best Answer is B. Allowing data transfer between regions often hinges on the presence of a legal basis, and the public interest is a strong justification recognized under many data protection regulations (such as GDPR). This basis allows organizations to transfer data when it serves a broader public interest, such as in matters of health, safety, or humanitarian reasons.

    Adapted from community discussion by 821bbab · 2024-10-13 · 2 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Candidate context

    Question 20 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. 8

       821bbab

       2024-10-13

       2 upvotes

       Best Answer is B. Allowing data transfer between regions often hinges on the presence of a legal basis, and the public interest is a strong justification recognized under many data protection regulations (such as GDPR). This basis allows organizations to transfer data when it serves a broader public interest, such as in matters of health, safety, or humanitarian reasons.

    2. 8

       821bbab

       2024-10-31

       1 upvote

       However Answer A sounds much more reasonable and accurate. In many data privacy regulations, such as the GDPR, one of the lawful bases for transferring personal data across regions is when it is necessary for the performance of a contract to which the data subject is a party, or for taking steps at the request of the data subject prior to entering into a contract. This is often considered an implicit form of consent because the data transfer is essential to fulfill a contract or service that the data subject expects.

    3. M

       micro_cert

       2025-01-16

       Selected B1 upvote

       I believe privacy laws (GDPR for instance) get preference over data subject consent.

21. Question 21 of 25

    Which of the following is the BEST course of action to manage privacy risk when a significant vulnerability is identified in the operating system (OS) that supports an organization’s customer relationship management (CRM) system?

    • AApply OS patching to fix the vulnerability immediately.
    • BManage system permissions and access more strictly.
    • CEnable comprehensive logging of activities at the OS level.
    • DPerform a vulnerability assessment to determine the impact.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: D

    How others answered

    • D100%

    Explanation

    It's definitely not B. Initially, I wanted to say A - apply the patching, but D - Perform a vulnerability assessment to determine the impact makes the most sense since it will most likely result in an emergency change ticket to apply the OS patch, based on the severity.

    Adapted from community discussion by johnH123 · 2023-12-31 · 5 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Question 21 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. J

       johnH123

       2023-12-31

       Selected D5 upvotes

       It's definitely not B. Initially, I wanted to say A - apply the patching, but D - Perform a vulnerability assessment to determine the impact makes the most sense since it will most likely result in an emergency change ticket to apply the OS patch, based on the severity.

    2. 8

       821bbab

       2024-10-13

       1 upvote

       I would go with A on this one. Applying OS patching immediately is the most effective and direct action to manage privacy risk related to a significant vulnerability. Patching addresses the specific security flaw, thereby reducing the risk of exploitation and protecting sensitive customer data stored in the CRM system. Performing a vulnerability assessment to determine the impact is a good practice, but in the case of a significant vulnerability that has already been identified, immediate action (such as patching) is more critical to minimize risk.

    3. 8

       821bbab

       2024-10-31

       1 upvote

       Revising on above, D answer sounds better as while applying a patch is often necessary, an initial impact assessment (Option D) would be an excellent first step from a privacy standpoint. It helps ensure that the right actions are taken, particularly when balancing operational needs, privacy concerns, and regulatory obligations.

22. Question 22 of 25

    Which of the following zones within a data lake requires sensitive data to be encrypted or tokenized?

    • ATrusted zone
    • BClean zone
    • CRaw zone
    • DTemporal zone

    Show answer

    Correct answer: C

    How others answered

    • C100%

    Explanation

    Sensitive data should be encrypted or tokenized in the Trusted zone of a data lake. The Trusted zone is the area where trusted data is stored, and access controls are tightly managed. It is typically used for highly sensitive or regulated data, such as personally identifiable information (PII), financial data, and health records. The other zones within a data lake, such as the Clean zone, Raw zone, and Temporal zone, may also contain sensitive data, but they are typically less secure and do not require the same level of encryption or tokenization as the Trusted zone.

    Adapted from community discussion by datapro · 2023-10-26 · 3 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Candidate context

    Question 22 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. D

       datapro

       2023-10-26

       3 upvotes

       Sensitive data should be encrypted or tokenized in the Trusted zone of a data lake. The Trusted zone is the area where trusted data is stored, and access controls are tightly managed. It is typically used for highly sensitive or regulated data, such as personally identifiable information (PII), financial data, and health records. The other zones within a data lake, such as the Clean zone, Raw zone, and Temporal zone, may also contain sensitive data, but they are typically less secure and do not require the same level of encryption or tokenization as the Trusted zone.

    2. N

       Ninja_Theory

       2023-07-22

       Selected C3 upvotes

       The answer provided is incorrect. Sensitive data should be encrypted or tokenized in the raw zone, not the temporal zone. The temporal zone is for ephemeral data.

    3. K

       kwassie

       2024-02-13

       2 upvotes

       To support this view see this: Transient Zone — Used to hold ephemeral data, such as temporary copies, streaming spools, or other short-lived data before being ingested. Raw Zone – The zone in which raw data will be maintained. This is also the zone where sensitive data must be encrypted, tokenized, or otherwise secured. https://dzone.com/articles/data-lake-governance-best-practices#:~:text=Transient%20Zone%20%E2%80%94%20Used%20to%20hold%20ephemeral%20data%2C,data%20must%20be%20encrypted%2C%20tokenized%2C%20or%20otherwise%20secured.

    4. B

       baranikumar_v

       2024-01-31

       2 upvotes

       If you look at the zones in the data lake, it is ordered in the following fashion as temporal, raw, trusted, and clean. The moment data enters the raw zone, it should be protected using encryption or tokenisation. Hence, C is the correct answer.

23. Question 23 of 25

    Within a business continuity plan (BCP), which of the following is the MOST important consideration to ensure the ability to restore availability and access to personal data in the event of a data privacy incident?

    • AOffline backup availability
    • BRecovery time objective (RTO)
    • CRecovery point objective (RPO)
    • DOnline backup frequency

    Show answer

    Correct answer: C

    How others answered

    • C100%

    Explanation

    I suspect A is incorrect as the RPO dictates backup requirements and availability of data. Unless I have misinterpreted the question, I would answer C here.

    Adapted from community discussion by Ninja_Theory · 2024-01-22 · 3 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

    View community discussion4

    Candidate context

    Question 23 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. N

       Ninja_Theory

       2024-01-22

       Selected C3 upvotes

       I suspect A is incorrect as the RPO dictates backup requirements and availability of data. Unless I have misinterpreted the question, I would answer C here.

    2. K

       kwassie

       2024-08-13

       1 upvote

       I think you should look at it this way. The offline backups must be available as step 1. Once you have that access, you can determine if you need to focus on RTO or RPO. But if you don't have access to offline backups then none of the other options will even come into play.

    3. K

       kwassie

       2024-11-03

       1 upvote

       That is a good point and I can see why you say that. But A is the only option that talks about backup availability. And as the question asks which is "most important" I do think its A.

    4. O

       Oklahsg

       2024-09-09

       1 upvote

       how if the system is cloud based. So the answer should cover both scenario Online and Offline. I also not sure which answer is correct

24. Question 24 of 25

    Which of the following is MOST important when developing an organizational data privacy program?

    • AObtaining approval from process owners
    • BProfiling current data use
    • CFollowing an established privacy framework
    • DPerforming an inventory of all data

    Show answer

    Correct answer: B

    How others answered

    • B100%

    Explanation

    Correct answer is C - Following an established privacy framework Privacy frameworks assist enterprise in achieving their objectives for the governance and management of enterprise IT, and all other types of information processing.

    Adapted from community discussion by Ahbey_911 · 2023-09-13 · 2 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Question 24 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. 8

       821bbab

       2024-10-24

       1 upvote

       I would go with C. Following an established privacy framework provides a structured approach to developing a data privacy program. Frameworks like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), or industry-specific standards (e.g., ISO/IEC 27001, NIST Privacy Framework) outline best practices, legal requirements, and compliance measures that help organizations systematically address data privacy concerns. By using a recognized framework, organizations can ensure they are meeting regulatory obligations, implementing appropriate controls, and adopting industry best practices. However, Profiling current data use is valuable for understanding how data is handled within the organization, but it should be part of the overall framework rather than the primary focus.

    2. A

       Ahbey_911

       2023-09-13

       2 upvotes

       Correct answer is C - Following an established privacy framework Privacy frameworks assist enterprise in achieving their objectives for the governance and management of enterprise IT, and all other types of information processing.

    3. 4

       4dfe785

       2024-09-10

       Selected B1 upvote

       Profiling current data use means mapping out where personal data is collected, how it's processed, stored, shared, and with whom.

    4. A

       Ahbey_911

       2023-09-13

       1 upvote

       Upon re-reading the question, i renege on this option. C isn't correct.

25. Question 25 of 25

    What is the BEST method to protect customers’ personal data that is forwarded to a central system for analysis?

    • APseudonymization
    • BDeletion
    • CEncryption
    • DAnonymization

    Show answer

    Correct answer: A

    How others answered

    • A100%

    Explanation

    It's NOT C. You can't do analysis on encrypted data. So, A it is. Pseudonymization allows for meaningful analysis of the data while still protecting individual identities.

    Adapted from community discussion by 4dfe785 · 2024-09-10 · 2 community upvotes. Third-party contribution; reviewed by our quality filter, not independently verified.

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    Question 25 discussion

    These are quality-filtered excerpts from third-party community discussion. They can be useful reasoning signals, but they are not official answers and have not been independently verified by CDPSE or CertExamHQ.

    1. 4

       4dfe785

       2024-09-10

       Selected A2 upvotes

       It's NOT C. You can't do analysis on encrypted data. So, A it is. Pseudonymization allows for meaningful analysis of the data while still protecting individual identities.

    2. 8

       821bbab

       2024-10-08

       1 upvote

       Answer is D. Pseudonymization is one of Anonymization techniques and both are a for of Data Masking techniques to allow using and processing of data while ensuring data privacy.

    3. 8

       821bbab

       2024-10-28

       1 upvote

       Better answer is A since Pseudonymization allows re-identification of data while anonymization permanently removes data identifiers.

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CDPSE practice, question 1 of 25